The topics for this exam are the hormones and human reproduction through the end of the course.

Read and answer these questions after you have studied the for the examination. Use the self-test/evaluation exercises in the book as suggeted in the syllabus.  If you have studied the material sufficiently you should know the answers. Simply knowing the answers to these specific questions will not result in a good examination grade - you need to know the material and have a good understanding of how systems work.
 

* What is the genetic content of the nucleus?
* Describe meiosis- what is produced?.
* What is the nature of the genetic material?
* How does the type of reproduction relate to genetic variation of populations?
* What is an allele?
* What is the difference between the phenoptypes of species with incomplete and complete dominance?
* What is the relationship of genotype and phenotype?
* Contrast gene linkage to independent assortment.
* How many bases are required to code for one amino acid?
* Where in the cell do transcription and translation occur?
* What type of cell division is involved in development of an organism?
* Define genomic totipotency.
* What is the zygote?
* How does the degree of specialization of cells change with the development of an organism?
* Does the cytoplasm of a zygote affect the axis of the first division?
* Describe the feedback involved in development of an organism.
* What types of cells revert to an embryonic condition?
* Describe the inducement and feedback of hormones during the maturation of males and sperm formation.
* Describe the hormonal cycle (menstrual) cycle of women and changes that occur at menarche.
* What part of the nervous system is involved in producing an erection in men?
* How is the uterine lining retained during pregnancy?
* How many potential ova are present in the ovaries of women at birth?
* What are most and least effective means of birth control?
* What are the target organs/tissues of FSH and LH in women?
* How do birth controls prevent ovulation?
* What hormone produces peristaltic contractions of the oviducts?
* What are the effects of PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)?
* What cells are affected by the HIV virus?
* What is the source of energy that drives nearly all of the earth's ecosystems?
* What is the role of decomposer microorganisms?
* How is amount of energy passes between levels of a trophic structure calculated?
* What is the relationship between respiration, gross productivity and net productivity?
* What are the conditions under which biological competition occurs?
* What factors limit the growth rate of populations?
* Define biological adaptation.
* How does natural selection influence evolution?
* What is the difference between cyclic flows and non-cyclic (unidirectional) flows in ecosystems?
* What is the cause of greenhouse effect?
* What are the different types of biological interactions that help define a community?
* How do species richness and linkages affect the complexity of food webs?
* What is a biological community?
* What is population carrying capacity?
* Contast the growth pattern of populations growing with unlimited resources, limited resources that are not renewable and renewable resources?
* How do the pre-reproductive, reproductive and post-reproductive populations differ in population pyramids in N. Europe, Asia and Mexico?
* How great an effect does delaying the age of first pregnancy havea on population growth?

Labs included on the final are: 13, 12, 11, 10, 9